For example, 100GBASE-LR4 has four optical wavelengths of 25G on the fiber coming from 10 electrical CAUI signals of 10 Gbit/s on the host side. The new 40G/100G Ethernet architecture is based on the concept of virtual lanes or physical coding sublayer (PCS) lanes, which would get multiplexed and transported over the 4 or 10 parallel wavelengths on a single fiber. The IEEE 802.3ba standard defines a single architecture capable of supporting both 40G and 100G Ethernet, while producing physical-layer specifications for communication across backplanes, copper cabling, multimode fiber and singlemode fiber. This trend significantly stresses transport backbones, which have been built on 10G wavelengths, and is driving the need for upgrades to 40G and 100G. The key trend is toward IP-fixed/mobile network convergence for the delivery of voice, video and data applications with IP (and Ethernet) as a common universal platform fueled by the exponential growth of video, gaming, collaboration and cloud-computing applications. The combination of digital media, personal computing and global networking is creating a radical shift in the telecom industry.
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